提起電纜橋架的安裝，想必大部分電氣人員都非常清楚了，但是如果說到電纜橋架的質(zhì)量通病及防治措施，可能不少電氣人員都是只知其一就不知其二的。我們都知道電纜橋架是一種新型的電纜敷設(shè)裝置，隨著高度發(fā)展的電氣化與自動(dòng)化，特別是配電力式由多級配電發(fā)展到集中配電，從而使電纜的數(shù)量急聚增加以及自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展而出現(xiàn)的。之前的地溝直埋式和支架式敷設(shè)電纜已滿足不了大企業(yè)，大工業(yè)的使用要求，而電纜橋架則以造價(jià)低，施工快，配線靈活，便于裝卸更換，不受位置限制，造型美觀等諸多特點(diǎn)受到施工部門和使用單位的歡迎，從而使它迅速取代了舊的焊接支架敷設(shè)電纜形式。

　　When it comes to the installation of cable trays, most electrical personnel are probably very familiar with it. However, when it comes to the common quality problems and prevention measures of cable trays, many electrical personnel may only know one thing and not know the other. We all know that cable tray is a new type of cable laying device. With the highly developed electrification and automation, especially the development of power distribution from multi-level distribution to centralized distribution, the number of cables has increased rapidly, and the rapid development of automatic control technology has emerged. The previous trench buried and bracket type cable laying methods can no longer meet the requirements of large enterprises and industries. Cable trays, on the other hand, are popular among construction departments and users due to their low cost, fast construction, flexible wiring, easy loading and unloading, no location restrictions, and beautiful appearance. As a result, they quickly replace the old welding bracket cable laying form.

　　在電氣工程施工過程中都會存在安裝母線、敷設(shè)電纜、電纜橋架以及其他等質(zhì)量通病。電氣工程施工過程是安裝工程重要組成部分，針對電氣工程施工的質(zhì)量通病，一定要引起足夠重視，采取有效控制措施進(jìn)行控制。安裝母線之前，需要進(jìn)行母線矯正，橋架電纜需要根據(jù)不同環(huán)境選擇不同的橋架手段，對于敷設(shè)電纜的方式不同，合理規(guī)劃施工技術(shù)。下面本文就來探討一下電纜橋架安裝常見質(zhì)量問題及防治措施。以供廣大電氣人員參考學(xué)習(xí)。

　　During the construction process of electrical engineering, there are common quality issues such as installing busbars, laying cables, cable trays, and others. The construction process of electrical engineering is an important component of installation engineering. In response to common quality problems in electrical engineering construction, sufficient attention must be paid and effective control measures must be taken to control them. Before installing the busbar, it is necessary to perform busbar correction, and different cable tray methods need to be selected according to different environments. For different cable laying methods, reasonable construction techniques should be planned. The following article will explore common quality issues and prevention measures in cable tray installation. For the reference and learning of electrical personnel.

　　01 橋架安裝的質(zhì)量通病都有哪些？

　　What are the common quality problems of 01 bridge installation?

　　1、吊、支架安裝不牢;間距過大，造成電纜橋架撓度過大。

　　1. The installation of hangers and brackets is not secure; The spacing is too large, causing excessive deflection of the cable tray.

　　2、橋架接頭處不平齊，通過變形縫，沒按照規(guī)定和規(guī)范要求采取措施。

　　2. The bridge joint is uneven, and measures have not been taken according to regulations and specifications through deformation joints.

　　3、鍍鋅橋架使用連接板作跨接地線，連接螺栓無防松措施，橋架過長，只有一端與PE線相連接。

　　3. Galvanized cable trays use connecting plates as grounding wires, and the connecting bolts have no anti loosening measures. The cable tray is too long, with only one end connected to the PE wire.

　　4、橋架在變向、變徑的接頭部位，不使用專用件，使接頭處理不規(guī)范。

　　4. The cable tray does not use specialized components at the joints where the direction and diameter change, resulting in non-standard joint handling.

　　5、橋架在穿越防火墻及樓板時(shí)，未作防火封堵處理。

　　5. The bridge frame did not undergo fireproof sealing treatment when passing through firewalls and floor slabs.

　　6、橋架與其它管道距離，小于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，且無技術(shù)防護(hù)措施。

　　6. The safe distance between the bridge and other pipelines is less than the standard value, and there are no technical protective measures.

　　7、橋架的蓋板不全，或扭曲變形。

　　7. The cover plate of the bridge is incomplete or twisted and deformed.

　　8、橋架敷設(shè)過長，未按規(guī)定預(yù)留伸縮縫和安裝伸縮節(jié)。

　　8. The cable tray is laid too long and expansion joints are not reserved and installed according to regulations.

　　9、橋架敷設(shè)在蒸汽熱力管道的上方，而且無保護(hù)措施。

　　9. The bridge is laid above the steam and heat pipelines without protective measures.

　　10、橋架污染嚴(yán)重，甚出現(xiàn)銹腐現(xiàn)象。

　　10. The bridge frame is severely polluted, and even shows signs of rust and corrosion.

　　11、橋架在選用導(dǎo)線作為接頭處的跨接地線時(shí)，其導(dǎo)線的截面選用不當(dāng)。

　　11. When selecting wires as the grounding wire at the joint of the bridge, the cross-sectional area of the wires is not properly chosen.

　　12、電纜排列素亂有交叉

　　12. The cable arrangement is disorderly with intersections

　　13、橋架與支架間固定螺栓不齊全。

　　13. The fixing bolts between the bridge and the bracket are incomplete.

　　02 電纜橋架質(zhì)量通病治理計(jì)劃目標(biāo)包括哪些內(nèi)容？

　　What are the objectives of the 02 cable tray quality control plan?

　　1、開展規(guī)范、工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的學(xué)習(xí)、宣傳、了解通病的危害，提高對施工質(zhì)量的自覺性。

　　1. Carry out the study, promotion, and understanding of norms and process standards, understand the hazards of common problems, and enhance awareness of construction quality.

　　2、在施工前作施工方案和技術(shù)交底時(shí)，對容易出現(xiàn)的質(zhì)量通病應(yīng)進(jìn)行交底。

　　2. When making construction plans and technical disclosures before construction, key disclosures should be made on common quality issues that are prone to occur.

　　3、施工時(shí)應(yīng)以樣板開路。

　　3. During construction, a template should be used to open the way.

　　4、對容易出現(xiàn)的質(zhì)量通病進(jìn)行檢查，采取措施將通病根治，

　　4. Focus on inspecting common quality problems that are prone to occur and take measures to eradicate them,

　　5、質(zhì)檢員、監(jiān)理人員應(yīng)及時(shí)檢查，以免返工重作，造成浪費(fèi)。

　　5. Quality inspectors and supervisors should conduct timely inspections to avoid rework and waste.

　　03 電纜橋架質(zhì)量通病防治措施有哪些？

　　What are the prevention and control measures for common quality problems of 03 cable tray?

　　根據(jù)建筑物結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，采用合理的固定1、方法。磚墻上固定托臂，應(yīng)潤水宜用于硬性灰面捻注螺栓，或用干硬性細(xì)石混凝土搗注螺栓或支架，待有了一定強(qiáng)度后才能固定

　　According to the different structures of buildings, adopt reasonable fixing methods. Fixed support arms on brick walls should be moistened and used for twisting bolts on hard gray surfaces, or for pounding bolts or brackets with dry and hard fine aggregate concrete. They can only be fixed after a certain strength has been achieved

　　但固定吊、支架螺栓的數(shù)量，要與吊、支架固定孔的數(shù)量相同，全部安裝使用，且應(yīng)緊固有效。

　　But the number of fixed suspension and bracket bolts should be the same as the number of suspension and bracket fixing holes, all installed and used, and should be tightened effectively.

　　2、操作應(yīng)認(rèn)真，接頭處應(yīng)平齊，通過變形縫時(shí)，可采取斷開的措施，斷開距離以100mm左右為宜，用此種方法解決沉降變形對橋架的破壞。

　　2. The operation should be careful, and the joints should be level. When passing through the deformation joint, disconnection measures can be taken, with a suitable distance of about 100mm. This method can be used to solve the damage of settlement deformation to the bridge.

　　3、鍍鋅橋架連接板作跨接接地，螺栓緊固必須有防松墊，確保連接緊密牢固，橋架必須保證接地可靠，接地(PE)線與橋架連接不小于2處。

　　3. Galvanized bridge connecting plates must be used for cross grounding, and bolts must be tightened with anti loosening pads to ensure a tight and secure connection. The bridge must be reliably grounded, and the grounding (PE) wire must be connected to the bridge at no less than 2 points.

　　4、橋架的變徑，變向的接頭，在訂貨時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，向生產(chǎn)廠家提出具體的技術(shù)要求，配齊全部配件。包括固定螺栓、螺母、平墊及彈簧墊等。

　　4. When ordering the variable diameter and direction joints of the bridge, specific technical requirements should be proposed to the manufacturer according to the actual situation, and all accessories should be fully equipped. Including fixed bolts, nuts, flat washers, and spring washers.

　　5、橋架在穿過樓板或防火墻時(shí)，必須按設(shè)計(jì)或本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定封堵。

　　5. When the bridge passes through the floor or firewall, it must be sealed according to the design or this standard.

　　6、橋架與其他管道的距離應(yīng)滿足以下表中的要求:

　　6. The safe distance between the bridge and other pipelines should meet the requirements in the following table:

　　7、橋架蓋板在安裝時(shí)應(yīng)注意保管，防止丟失或損壞，以確保蓋板安裝齊全。

　　7. The bridge cover plate should be carefully stored during installation to prevent loss or damage, ensuring that the cover plate is fully installed.

　　8、電纜橋架直線段每50m(30m)應(yīng)預(yù)留伸縮縫20-30mm。其連接宜采用伸縮連接板，封閉母線槽直線段敷設(shè)長度每40m，應(yīng)裝設(shè)伸縮節(jié)，以防止敷設(shè)線路過長，由于溫差的變化，形成應(yīng)力使橋架變形、損壞。

　　8. Expansion joints of 20-30mm should be reserved every 50m (30m) of the straight section of the cable tray. Expansion connection plates should be used for connection, and expansion joints should be installed every 40m of the straight section of the enclosed bus duct to prevent the cable tray from being deformed or damaged due to stress caused by temperature differences caused by excessively long laying lines.

　　9、橋架設(shè)在蒸汽管道上方時(shí)，管道應(yīng)采取遮擋或保護(hù)措施，應(yīng)按設(shè)計(jì)要求，設(shè)計(jì)無要求可用薄鐵板或石棉板封擋。

　　9. When the bridge is installed above the steam pipeline, the pipeline should be covered or protected according to the design requirements. If there are no design requirements, thin iron plates or asbestos plates can be used for sealing.

　　10、橋架污染嚴(yán)重，出現(xiàn)銹蝕現(xiàn)象，安裝應(yīng)加強(qiáng)保護(hù)，銹蝕出現(xiàn)應(yīng)進(jìn)行處理，采取與橋架防腐相同材料油漆進(jìn)行噴涂。

　　10. The bridge frame is severely polluted and corroded. Installation should be strengthened for protection. If corrosion occurs, it should be treated by spraying the same material as the bridge frame anti-corrosion paint.

　　11、跨接接地導(dǎo)線應(yīng)符合規(guī)范要求或設(shè)計(jì)要求;但截面不得小于4mm2銅芯導(dǎo)線。電纜排列素亂有交叉;在安裝前應(yīng)繪制排列圖，以保證不交叉，安裝時(shí)應(yīng)按順序施放電纜，以保證電纜排列有序、整齊。

　　11. The jumper grounding wire shall comply with the specifications or design requirements; But the cross-section shall not be less than 4mm2 copper core wire. The cable arrangement is disorderly and intersecting; Before installation, a layout diagram should be drawn to ensure no crossing. During installation, cables should be laid out in order to ensure that they are arranged in an orderly and neat manner.

　　12、注意檢查橋架與支架間的固定螺栓，不得遺漏。

　　12. Pay attention to checking the fixing bolts between the bridge and the bracket, and do not miss them.

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